Pitfalls of Digitalization: Teacher Recruitment in Malaysia International Schools
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v16n1.2103Keywords:
Human resource, International School, administrators, challengesAbstract
Human resource practices, particularly teacher recruitment, are evolving due to digitalisation. There is a critical need for international schools to attract and select quality teaching staff to ensure the quality of learning for students and maintain their competitiveness within a dynamic market. This paper reported the findings of a study that investigated the challenges that school administrators faced during the digitalisation of teacher recruitment practices at international schools in Malaysia. A series of semi-structured interviews involving fourteen management personnel from eleven international schools revealed seven challenges highlighted by the participants: 1) a rise in competition, 2) attracting irrelevant or underqualified applicants, 3) time-consuming preparation of detailed job ads and recruitment booklets, 4) escalating recruitment costs, 5) student privacy issues, 6) managing a large number of applications, and 7) loss of important information during virtual interview. To address these challenges, the participants took four actions: 1) advanced planning before the new school term, 2) building rapport with potential candidates, 3) selecting a suitable online recruitment platform, and 4) integrating online and offline recruitment. The findings of the study contribute to the growing literature on talent acquisition at international schools by providing empirical evidence of the existing challenges faced at a sample of international schools in Malaysia.
References
Akila, B., Vasantha, S., & Thirumagal, P. G. (2020). Effectiveness of E-recruitment for man power selection process. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(5), 306-310. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.05.57
Archibald, M. M., Ambagtsheer, R. C., Casey, M. G., & Lawless, M. (2019). Using Zoom videoconferencing for qualitative data collection: Perceptions and experiences of researchers and participants. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18, 1- 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406919874596
Armstrong, M. (2009). Armstrong's Handbook Of Human Resource Management Practice (11th Edition). Kogan page.
Barber, L. (2006). E-recruitment Developments. Institute for Employment Studies. Institute for Employment Studies
Bauer, T. N., Truxillo, D. M., Tucker, J. S., Weathers, V., Bertolino, M. & Erdogan, B. (2006). Selection in the information age: The impact of privacy concerns and computer experience on applicant reactions. Journal of Management, 32, 601–621. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206306289829
Braggs, D. (2004). Webcams in classrooms: How far is too far? Journal of Law and Education, 33, 275-282. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/jle33&div=27&id=&page=
Bull, P., & Frederikson, L. (2019). Non-verbal communication. In A. M. Colman (Ed), Companion encyclopedia of psychology. 852-872. Routledge.
Candela, A. G. (2019). Exploring the function of member checking. The qualitative report, 24(3), 619-628. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2019.3726
Cappelli, P. (2001). Making the most of online recruiting. Harvard Business Review, 79(3), 139-146. https://hbr.org/2001/03/making-the-most-of-on-line-recruiting
Carlson, K. D., Connerley, M. L., & Mecham III, R. L. (2002). Recruitment evaluation: The case for assessing the quality of applicants attracted. Personnel Psychology, 55(2), 461–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2002.tb00118.x
Cascio, W.F. & Aguinis, H. (2011). Applied psychology in human resource management (7th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall
Cherukri, A., & Doguparthi, M. (2017). Comprehensive analysis of various rough set tools for data mining. International Journal of Advances in Electronics and Computer Science, 4(4), 37-44. http://www.iraj.in/journal/journal_file/journal_pdf/12-362-149819855137-42.pdf
Cox, D. S. (2012). A global study of international teacher recruitment [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Lehigh University
Etikan, I., Musa, S.A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Gao, Y. (2021). Challenges and countermeasures of human resource management in the post-epidemic period. International Journal of Management and Education in Human Development, 1(4), 36-40. https://ijmehd.com/index.php/ijmehd/article/view/174
Hada, B., & Gairola, S. (2015). Opportunities & challenges of E-recruitment. Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology, 2(2), 1-4. https://www.scirp.org/(S(lz5mqp453edsnp55rrgjct55))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=2544209
Harold, C. M., Holtz, Brian. C., Griepentrog, B. K., Brewer, L. M., & Marsh, S. M. (2016). Investigating the effects of applicant justice perceptions on job offer acceptance. Personnel Psychology, 69(1), 199–227. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12101
ISC Research. (2021). Recruitment and CPD in international schools: The 2021 Report. https://www.britishchambershanghai.cn/content/media/2022/02/recruitment_and_cpd_in_international_schools_2021_report-copy.pdf
Islam, M. M. (2016). Analysis of E-recruitment Trend and Effectiveness: A case study on some companies in Bangladesh. Management Development, 30(1), 54-73. https://bim.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bim.portal.gov.bd/page/09f3e9a8_0cca_4a71_adb5_ee7082521b3a/Vol%2030%20No%201%262%2C%20January-June%202016_Article_06.pdf
Ismail, F., Salleh, S. H., & Wei, C. S. (2021). Virtual Recruitment Challenges According To Employer Perspective. Jurnal Penyelidikan Sains Sosial, 4(11), 31 – 39. http://www.jossr.com/PDF/JOSSR-2021-11-06-05.pdf
Isson, J. P., & Harriott, J. S. (2016). People Analytics In The Era Of Big Data: Changing The Way You Attract, Acquire, Develop, And Retain Talent. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Jacobson, W. (2010). Preparing for tomorrow: A case study of workforce planning in North Carolina municipal governments. Public Personnel Management, 39(4), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102601003900404
Kapse, A. S., Patil, V. S., & Patil, N. V. (2012). E-Recruitment. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 1(4), 82-86. https://www.ijeat.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/v1i4/D0273041412.pdf
Lievens, F., & Chapman, D. (2019). Recruitment and selection. In A. Wilkinson, N. Bacon, S. Snell, & D. Lepak (Eds.), SAGE handbook of human resource management. 123-150. SAGE Publications Ltd.
Lumi, A. (2020). The impact of digitalisation on human resources development. Prizren Social Science Journal, 4(3), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v4i3.178
Malhotra, R. S., & Sharma, S. (2015). Effect of E-Recruitment on recruitment. International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations, 3(2), 1047-1050. www.researchpublish.com
Mazurchenko, A., & Maršíková, K. (2019). Digitally-powered human resource management: Skills and roles in the digital era. Acta Informatica Pragensia, 2019(2), 72-87. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.aip.125
Melanthiou, Y., Pavlou, F., & Constantinou, E. (2015). The use of social network sites as an e-recruitment tool. Journal of Transnational Management, 20(1), 31-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2015.998141
Moynihan, L. M., Roehling, M. V., LePine, M. A., & Boswell, W. R. (2003). A longitudinal study of the relationships among job search self-efficacy, job interviews, and employment outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 18, 207–233. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1027349115277
Muduli, A., & Trivedi, J. J. (2020). Social media recruitment: The role of credibility and satisfaction. Evidence-based HRM: A Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 8(2), 237-251. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-08-2019-0069
Noe, R. A. (2012). Human Resource Management: Gaining A Competitive Advantage. McGraw-Hill.
Okolie, U. C., & Irabor, I. E. (2017). E-recruitment: practices, opportunities and challenges. European Journal of Business and Management, 9(11), 116-122. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234627826.pdf
Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, J.P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533-544. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4012002/
Petre, A., Osoian, C., & Zaharie, M. (2016). Applicants' perceptions on online recruitment. Managerial Challenges of the Contemporary Society, 9(1), 63-67. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1888983879?pq-origsite=gscholar
Piaw, C. Y. (2016). Mastering research methods (2nd Ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Rajab, M. H., & Soheib, M. (2021). Privacy concerns over the use of webcams in online medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.13536.
Rosoiu, O., & Popescu, C. (2016). E-recruiting platforms: Features that influence the efficiency of online recruitment systems. Informatica Economica, 20, 46–55. https://doi.org/10.12948/issn14531305/20.2.2016.05
Sajid, H., Kanwal, J., Bhatti, S. U. R., Qureshi, S. A., Basharat, A., Hussain, S., & Khan, K. U. (2022, January). Resume parsing framework for e-recruitment. In 2022 16th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM). 1-8. IEEE.
Sharone, O. (2017). LinkedIn or LinkedOut? How social networking sites are reshaping the labor market. In S. Vallas (Ed), Emerging conceptions of work, management and the labor market. 30, 1-31. Emerald Publishing Limited.
Singh, S. (2017). E-Recruitment: a new dimension of human resource management in India. International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies, 5(3), 99-105. https://www.academia.edu/35039067/E_Recruitment_A_New_Dimension_of_Human_Resource_Management_in_India
Stone-Romero, E.F. and Stone, D.L. (2005). How do organizational justice concepts relate to discrimination and prejudice? In Greenberg, J. and Colquitt, J.A. (Eds.), Handbook of organizational justice. 439–467. Lawrence Erlbaum.
Tong, D. Y. K. (2009). A study of e‐recruitment technology adoption in Malaysia. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 109(2), 281-300. https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570910930145
Van Esch, P., Black, J. S., & Ferolie, J. (2019). Marketing AI recruitment: The next phase in job application and selection. Computers in Human Behavior, 90, 215-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.09.009
Vashisthaa, N., Goelb, A., & Dhiman, A. (2021). A study on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the recruitment process: With special reference to IT companies of Noida Region. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 12(7), 12024-12043. https://www.tojqi.net/index.php/journal/article/download/6297/4484/6805
Vidros, S., Kolias, C., & Kambourakis, G. (2016). Online recruitment services: Another playground for fraudsters. Computer Fraud & Security, 2016(3), 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/S1361-3723(16)30025-2
Wozniak, J. (2013). E-learning in HRM. Progress in E-education, 335-400.
Zafar, H. (2013). Human resource information systems: Information security concerns for organizations. Human Resource Management Review, 23(1), 105-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2012.06.010