Asset Pricing in Developed and Emerging Markets: A Survey

Authors

  • Shabir Ahmad Hakim Department of Finance, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  • Azhar Mohamad Department of Finance, KENMS, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v8n3.875

Keywords:

Asset pricing, international asset pricing, developed markets, emerging markets, literature review.

Abstract

Asset pricing theory states that investors should be rewarded for the risks that are associated with the state variables, in addition to market risks, which affect their investment opportunity sets. The state variables, however, are latent variables that vary (a) within developed markets (which consist of segmented and international markets); (b) between developed and emerging markets. In this paper, we provide an evaluation of the development of asset pricing theory and an identification of factors that are pervasive and priced in both developed and emerging markets. This survey of the literature suggests there is a need for distinctive asset pricing models that consider the unique characteristics of both markets.

References

Adler, M., & Dumas, B. (1983). International Portfolio Choice And Corporation Finance: A synthesis. The Journal of Finance, 38(3), 925-984.

Amihud, Y. (2002). Illiquidity And Stock Returns: Cross-Section And Time-Series Effects. Journal of Financial Markets, 5(1), 31-56.

Ball, R. (1978). Anomalies In Relationships Between Securities' Yields And Yield-Surrogates. Journal of Financial Economics, 6(2), 103-126.

Banz, R. W. (1981). The Relationship Between Return And Market Value Of Common Stocks. Journal of Financial Economics, 9(1), 3-18.

Barry, C. B., Goldreyer, E., Lockwood, L., & Rodriguez, M. (2002). Robustness Of Size And Value Effects In Emerging Equity Markets, 1985–2000. Emerging Markets Review, 3(1), 1-30.

Basu, S. (1983). The Relationship Between Earnings' Yield, Market Value And Return For NYSE Common Stocks: Further Evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 12(1), 129-156.

Bekaert, G., & Harvey, C. R. (1995). Timeâ€Varying World Market Integration. The Journal of Finance, 50(2), 403-444.

Bekaert, G., & Harvey, C. R. (1997). Emerging Equity Market Volatility. Journal of Financial Economics, 43(1), 29-77.

Bekaert, G., Harvey, C. R., & Lundblad, C. (2007). Liquidity And Expected Returns: Lessons From Emerging Markets. Review of Financial studies, 20(6), 1783-1831.

Bhandari, L. C. (1988). Debt/Equity Ratio And Expected Common Stock Returns: Empirical Evidence. The Journal of Finance, 43(2), 507-528.

Black, F. (1972). Capital Market Equilibrium With Restricted Borrowing. The Journal of Business, 45(3), 444-455.

Carhart, M. M. (1997). On Persistence In Mutual Fund Performance. The Journal of Finance, 52(1), 57-82.

Carrieri, F., Errunza, V., & Majerbi, B. (2006). Does Emerging Market Exchange Risk Affect Global Equity Prices?. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 41(03), 511-540.

Carrieri, F., Errunza, V., & Majerbi, B. (2006). Local Risk Factors In Emerging Markets: Are They Separately Priced?. Journal of Empirical Finance, 13(4), 444-461.

Chen, N.-F., Roll, R., & Ross, S. A. (1986). Economic Forces And The Stock Market. The Journal of Business, 59(3), 383-403.

Connor, G. (1984). A Unified Beta Pricing Theory. Journal of Economic Theory, 34(1), 13-31.

Daniel, K., & Titman, S. (1997). Evidence On The Characteristics Of Cross Sectional Variation In Stock Returns. The Journal of Finance, 52(1), 1-33.

Dash, S. R., & Mahakud, J. (2013). A Comparative Assessment Of Unconditional Multifactor Asset-Pricing Models: Evidence From Indian Stock Market. Journal of Management Research, 13(1), 35-54.

De Santis, G. (1997). Stock Returns And Volatility In Emerging Financial Markets. Journal of International Money and Finance, 16(4), 561-579.

Demirtas, K. O., & Zirek, D. (2011). Aggregate Earnings And Expected Stock Returns In Emerging Markets. Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, 47(3), 4-22.

Drew, M. E., & Veeraraghavan, M. (2002). A Closer Look At The Size And Value Premium In Emerging Markets: Evidence From Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange. Asian Economic Journal, 16(4), 337-351.

Drew, M. E., & Veeraraghavan, M. (2003). Beta, Firm Size, Book-To-Market Equity And Stock Returns - Further Evidence From Emerging Markets. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 8(3), 354–379.

Dumas, B., & Solnik, B. (1995). The World Price Of Foreign Exchange Risk. The Journal of Finance, 50(2), 445-479.

Fama, E. F. (1996). Multifactor Portfolio Efficeincy And Multifactor Asset Pricing. Journal of Finance and Quantitative Analysis, 31(4), 441-465.

Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1992). The Cross-Section Of Expected Stock Returns. The Journal of Finance, 47(2), 427-465.

Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1993). Common Risk Factors In The Returns On Stocks And Bonds. Journal of Financial Economics, 33(1), 3-56.

Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1995). Size And Bookâ€Toâ€Market Factors In Earnings And Returns. The Journal of Finance, 50(1), 131-155.

Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1996). Multifactor Explanations Of Asset Pricing Anomalies. The Journal of Finance, 51(1), 55-84.

Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1998). Value Versus Growth: The International Evidence. The Journal of Finance, 53(6), 1975-1999.

Francis, J., LaFond, R., Olsson, P., & Schipper, K. (2005). The Market Pricing Of Accruals Quality. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 39(2), 295-327.

Godfrey, S., & Espinosa, R. (1996). A Practical Approach To Calculating Costs Of Equity Investment In Emerging Markets. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 9(3), 80-90.

Grandes, M., Panigo, D. T., & Pasquini, R. A. (2010). On The Estimation Of Cost Of Equity in Latin America. Emerging Market Review, 11(4), 373-389.

Hansen, Lars P., and Ravi Jagannathan, (1991), Implications of Security Market Data for Models of Dynamic Economies. Journal of Political Economy, 99: 225-262

Harvey, C. R. (1995). The Risk Exposure Of Emerging Equity Markets. World Bank Economic Review, 9(1), 19-50.

Hearn, B., Piesse, J., & Strange, R. (2010). Market Liquidity And Stock Size Premia In Emerging Financial Markets: The Implications For Foreign Investment. International Business Review, 19(5), 489-501.

Ikeda, S. (1991). Arbitrage Asset Pricing Under Exchange Risk. The Journal of Finance, 46(1), 447-455.

Jagannathan, R., & Wang, Z. (1996). The Conditional CAPM And The Crossâ€Section Of Expected Returns. The Journal of Finance, 51(1), 3-53.

Jegadeesh, N., & Titman, S. (1993). Returns To Buying Winners And Selling Losers: Implications For Stock Market Efficiency. The Journal of Finance, 48(1), 65-91.

Jensen, M. C., Black, F., & Scholes, M. S. (1972). The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Some Empirical Tests. In Studies in the Theory of Capital Markets, Praeger Publishers Inc.

Jun, S. G., Marathe, A., & Shawky, H. A. (2003). Liquidity And Stock Returns In Emerging Equity Markets. Emerging Markets Review, 4(1), 1-24.

Koedijk, K. G., Kool, C. J., Schotman, P. C., & Van Dijk, M. A. (2002). The Cost Of Capital In International Financial Markets: Local Or Global?. Journal of International Money and Finance, 21(6), 905-929.

Lakonishok, J., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1994). Contrarian Investment, Extrapolation, And Risk. The Journal of Finance, 49(5), 1541-1578.

Lintner, J. (1965). Security Prices, Risk, And Maximal Gains From Diversification. The Journal of Finance, 20(4), 587-615.

Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio Selection. The Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77-91.

Merton, R. C. (1973). An Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model. Econometrica, 41(5), 867-887.

Pastor, L., & Stambaugh, R. F. (2003). Liquidity Risk And Expected Stock Returns. Journal of Political Economy, 111(3), 642-685.

Pereiro, L. E. (2010). The Beta Dilemma In Emerging Markets. Jounal of Applied Corporate Finance, 22(4), 110-123.

Phylaktis, K., & Ravazzolo, F. (2004). Currency Risk In Emerging Equity Markets. Emerging Markets Review, 5(3), 317-339.

Reilly, F. K., & Brown, K. C. (2003). Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management, seventh ed. Thompson Southwestern, Mason, OH.

Rosenberg, B., Reid, K., & Lanstein, R. (1985). Persuasive Evidence Of Market Inefficiency. Journal of Portfolio Management, 11, 9-17.

Ross, S. A. (1976). The Arbitrage Theory Of Capital Asset Pricing. Journal of Economic Theory, 13(3), 341-360.

Rouwenhorst, K. G. (1999). Local Return Factors And Turnover In Emerging Stock Markets. The Journal of Finance, 54(4), 1439-1464.

Sabal, J. (2004). The Discount Rate In Emerging Markets: A guide. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 16(2-3), 155-166.

Sercu, P. (1980). A Generalization Of The International Asset Pricing Model. Revue de l'Association Française de Finance, 1(1), 91-135.

Sercu, P., & Uppal, R. (1995). International Financial Markets and The Firm. South-Western College Publishing.

Shanken, J. (1982). The Arbitrage Pricing Theory: Is It Testable? The Journal of Finance, 37(5), 1129-1141.

Sharpe, W. F. (1964). Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk. The Journal of Finance, 19(3), 425-442.

Soenen, L., & Johnson, R. (2008). The Equity Market Risk Premium And The Valuation Of Overseas Investments. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 20(2), 113-121.

Solnik, B. (1983). International Arbitrage Pricing Theory. The Journal of Finance, 38(2), 449-457.

Solnik, B. H. (1974). An Equilibrium Model Of The International Capital Market. Journal of Economic Theory, 8(4), 500-524.

Stattman, D. (1980). Book values and stock returns. In the Chicago MBA: A Journal of Selected Papers, 4, 25-45.

Stulz, R. M. (1984). Pricing Capital Assets In An International Setting: An Introduction. Journal of International Business Studies, 15(3), 55-73.

Unlu, U. (2013). Evidence to Support Multifactor Asset Pricing Models: The Case of The Istanbul Stock Exchange. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 5(1), 197-208.

Wei, K. J. (1988). An Assetâ€Pricing Theory Unifying the CAPM and APT. The Journal of Finance, 43(4), 881-892.

Downloads

Published

2016-07-19

How to Cite

Ahmad Hakim, S., & Mohamad, A. (2016). Asset Pricing in Developed and Emerging Markets: A Survey. Sains Humanika, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v8n3.875

Issue

Section

Articles