The Mediating Impact of Occupational Stress on Leadership Style and Job Performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v8n4-2.1072Keywords:
Leadership style, occupational stress, job performanceAbstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the intervening effect of occupational stress on leadership style and job performance. Using a proportionate stratified random sampling, questionnaire survey was employed and distributed to the employees of utility industries in Malaysia and a total of 175 employees participated. The regression results showed that: (1) it is partially supported for a significant association between leadership style and job performance, (2) it is partially supported for a significant association between leadership style and occupational stress. Contrary to expectation, there have no intervening effect of occupational stress on the association between leadership style and job performance. One probable explanation could be that the occupational stress level itself was found low among respondents. Respondents highlighted they have the work-related stress but perhaps due to most of them are healthy, educated, lack in working experience, or due to they are yuppies, (that is indicating they are in young age, ambitious, and hunger for challenging tasks), they did not perceive the stress as the actual stress as felt by the other group of age. Thus, the result suggested that occupational stress as an intervening role among the yuppies group is not a relevant issue in discussing job performance. In future study, other factors should be considered to increase about the explanation on job performance.Â
References
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction In Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, And Statistical Consideration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
Betts, S. C., Morgan, W., & Castiglia, B. (2008). Who's A Leader? Students' Implicit Theories Of Leadership. Paper Presented At the Allied Academies International Conference, Tunica.
Bhatti, N., Shar, A. H., M.Shaikh, F., & Nazar, M. S. (2010). Causes Of Stress In Organization, A Case Study of Sukkur. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(11), 3-7.
Channuwong, S. (2009). Strategies For Reducing Stress Among Managers: An Integrated Physical And Spiritual Approach. International Journal of Management, 26(2), 334-341.
Chen, J.-C., & Silverthorne, C. (2008). The Impact Of Locus Of Control On Job Stress, Job Performance And Job Satisfaction In Taiwan. Leadership & Organization, 29(7), 572-582.
Chen, W.-Q., Wong, T.-W., & Yu, T.-S. (2009). Influence Of Occupational Stress On Mental Health Among Chinese Off-Shore Oil Workers. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 37, 766-773.
Elstad, J. I., & Vabo, M. (2008). Job stress, Sickness Absence And Sickness Presenteeism In Nordic Elderly Care. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 36, 467-474.
Fries, M. (2009). Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction For The Changing Work Environment. Journal of Academic and Business Ethics, 2, 1-10.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis (6th. ed.): Prentice Hall International Inc.
Halkos, G., & Bousinakis, D. (2010). The Effect Of Stress And Satisfaction On Productivity. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 59(5), 415-431.
Houtman, I. L. D. (2007). Work-Related Stress. European Foundation For The Improvement Of Living And Working Conditions, 28.
Kamdar, D., & Dyne, L. V. (2007). The Joint Effects Of Personality And Workplace Social Exchange Relationships In Predicting Task Performance And Citizenship Performance. Journal of Applied Pscyology, 92(5), 1286-1298.
Kassim, Z. A., & Sulaiman, M. (2011). Market Orientation And Leadership Styles Of Managers in Malaysia. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 6(2), 230-245.
Kompier, M. A. J. (2002). Job Design And Well-Being. In M. Schabracq, J. Winnubst, & C.Cooper (Eds.), Handbook Of Work And Health Psychology ,. 429–454. Chichester,England: Wiley
Landsbergis, P.A. (2003). The Changing Organisation Of Work And The Safety And Health Of Working People: A commentary. Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine, 45(1), 61-72
Lee, H.-C., & Chuang, T.-H. (2003). The impact Of Leadership Styles On Job Stress And Turnover Intention-Taiwan Insurance Industry As An Example. REFER GROUP ONE.
Limm, H., Gundel, H., Heinmuller, M., Marten-Mittag, B., Nater, U. M., Siegrist, J., & Angerer, P. (2011). Stress Management Interventions In The Workplace Improve Stress Reactivity: A randomised controlled trial. Occupational Environment Medicine, 68, 126-133.
Martinez, M. C., & Fischer, F. M. (2009). Stress At Work Among Electric Utility Workers. Industrial Health, 47, 55-63.
McNamara, M., Bohle, P., & Quinlan, M. (2011). Precarious Employment, Working Hours, Work-Life Conflict And Health In Hotel Work. Applied Ergonomics, 42, 225-232.
McShane, & Glinow, V. (2010). Organizational Behavior: Emerging Knowledge And Practice For The Real World (5th. Edition). New York: McGraw -Hill/Irwin.
Motowidlo, S. J., Borman, W. C., & Schmit, M. J. (1997). A Theory Of Individual Differences In Task And Contextual Performance. Human Performance, 10, 71-83.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (2002). The Changing Organisation Of Work And The Safety And Health Of Working People. Cincinatti: NIOSH, Report No. 2002-116. Retreived from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/02-116pd.html
Oke, A., & Dawson, P. (2008). Contextualising Workplace Stress: The Experience Of Bank Employees In Nigeria. Paper Presented At the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 22nd Annual Conference, Auckland, New Zealand.
Rousseau, V., & Aube, C. (2010). Team Self-Managing Behaviors And Team Effectiveness: The Moderating Effect Of Task Routineness. Group & Organization Management, 35(6), 751-781.
Schuldt, B. A., & Totten, J. W. (2008). An Exploratory Study: Business Faculty And The Faculty Stress Index. Paper presented at the Allied Academies International Conference.
Sekaran, U. (2003). Research Methods for Business: A skill Building Approach (4th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Stashevsky, S., & Koslowsky, M. (2006). Leadership Team Cohesiveness And Team Performance. International Journal of Manpower, 27(1), 63-74.
Taleb, H. M. (2010). Gender and Leadership Styles In Single-Sex Academic Institutions. International Journal of Educational Management, 24(4), 287-302.
Wu, T. C., Chen, C. H., & Li, C. C. (2007). Correlation Among Safety Leadership, Safety Climate And Safety Performance. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 6(3), 261-272.
Yahaya, A., Yahaya, N., Arshad, K., Ismail, J., Jaalam, S., & Zakariya, Z. (2009). Occupational Stress And Its Effects Towards The Organization Management. Journal of Social Sciences, 5(4), 390-397.
Yukl, G. (2008, April 2008). The Importance Of Flexible Leadership. Paper Presented At The Society For Industrial-Organizational Psychology, San Francisco, CA.
Yun, S., Cox, J., Henry P. Sims, J., & Salam, S. (2007). Leadership And Teamwork: The Effects Of Leadership And Job Satisfaction On Team Citizenship. International Journal of Leadership 2(3), 171-193.
