The Content Validity of Online Arabic Language Course For Blended/ Kesahan Kandungan Kursus Bahasa Arab Dalam talian Untuk Pembelajaran Teradun Learning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v14n2.1848Keywords:
content validity; CVI; DDR; development phase; blended learningAbstract
Blended learning, defined as a combination of traditional face-to-face learning with technology based or online learning, has become one of the most popular approaches for teaching and learning (TnL) nowadays. This study by following the design and development research (DDR) approach highlights the content validity process in the development phase, which is one of the phases of the four phases of the DDR approach. The validation process involved six panels selected from among experts and instructors to evaluate the online content of Arabic blended learning course uploaded to the Moodle platform using the content validity index (CVI). The findings that were based on the content validity index from certain domains indicated that the developed online content was acceptable and validated with some suggestions for improvement by the selected panels. Once revisions were amended, the online platform can be opened to real users among students and instructors for the next phase; phases of implementation and evaluation. Through this study, it can be understood that the content validity process can be done in various methods, and among the alternatives, using content validity index, apart from other more complex and commonly used techniques such as; Fuzzy-Delphi Model, Group Nominal Technique and others. It is hoped that this study will be a future reference and alternative for researchers who are interested in exploring more about the validity content methods in particular and the design and development research in general.
References
Abdul Muqsith, A. (2018). Pembangunan Model ENi Berasaskan Aktiviti Inkuiri bagi Program Latihan Kemahiran Kejuruteraan Institut Latihan Kemahiran Malaysia. Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Ali, S., Rose Alinda, A., Syed Norris, H., Marlia, P., & Siti Hamisah, T. (2017). Higher Education 4.0: Current Status and Readiness in Meeting the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Seminar on Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIR4.0), 23-24 August. https://www.mohe.gov.my/muat-turun/awam/teks-ucapan-dan-slide/2017/redesign-higher-education-4-0/379-higher-education-4-0-current-status-and-readiness-in-meeting-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-challenges
Amani, N. (2019). Taṣmīm Barnāmaj al-ʾAnšiṭaẗ at-Tafāʿuliyyaẗ ʿalā Šabkaẗ al-ʾIntirnīt fī Taʿlīm al-Mutalāzimāt al-Lafẓiyyaẗ wa Taqwīm Qābiliyyaẗ Istikhdāmihā | Reka Bentuk Aktiviti Interaktif dalam Talian Internet bagi Pengajaran Kolokasi, dan Penilaian Tahap Kepenggunaan.
Bannan-Ritland, B. (2003). The Role of Design in Research: The Integrative Learning Design Framework. Educational Researcher, 32(1), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X032001021
Collins, A., Joseph, D., & Bielaczyc, K. (2004). Design Research: Theoretical and Methodological Issues. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(1), 15–42. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327809jls1301_2
Dasar e-Pembelajaran Negara 2.0. (2015). In Jabatan Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi. Jabatan Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi.
Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 5(4), 194–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0897-1897(05)80008-4
Elgazzar, A. E. (2014). Developing E-Learning Environments for Field Practitioners and Developmental Researchers: A Third Revision of an ISD Model to Meet E-Learning and Distance Learning Innovations. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 02(02), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2014.22005
Kimberly, C., & Richard, E. W. (2018). The Development of Design-Based Research. In E. W. Richard (Ed.), Foundations of Learning and Instructional Design Technology. EdTech Books.
Lily, H., Maimun, A. L., Ashinida, A., & Mus’ab, S. (2018). Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan Instrumen Strategi Pembelajaran Kolokasi Bahasa Arab: Analisis Menggunakan Model Rasch. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 43(03). https://doi.org/10.17576/jpen-2018-43.03-14
Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and Quantification Of Content Validity. Nursing Research, 35(6).
Mohd Effendi@Ewan, M. M., Hisyamsani, I., Normawati, A. R., & Ahmad Zamri, K. (2017). Kesahan Kandungan Pakar Instrumen IKBAR Bagi Pengukuran AQ Menggunakan Nisbah Kesahan Kandungan. International Conference On Global Education V (ICGE V), April, 979–997.
Mohd Muzammil, O., Kamarul Aryffin, B., Saiful Azlan, M., Wafaak, E., & Muhamad Saiful Bahri, Y. (2017). Development and Validation of the Knowledge and Clinical Reasoning of Acute Asthma Management in Emergency Department (K-CRAMED). Education in Medicine Journal, 9(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2017.9.2.1
Mohd Ridhuan, M. J., & Nurulrabihah, M. N. (2020). Kepelbagaian Metodologi Dalam Penyelidikan Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan. Qaisar Prestige.
Muhammad Sabri, S., & Nor Aziah, A. (2012). A Design and Development Approach to Researching Online Arabic Vocabulary Games Learning in IIUM. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 67(November 2011), 360–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.339
Muhamad Saiful Bahri, Y. (2019). ABC of Content Validation and Content Validity Index Calculation. Education in Medicine Journal, 11(2), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6
Nor Aziah, A. (2007). Design and Development of A ‘Learning Console’ to Scaffold The Adult Online Distance Learner’s Motivational Self-Regulation and Self-Direction. International Islamic University Malaysia.
Nor Aziah, A. (2012). Design of a Motivational Scaffold for the Malaysian e-Learning Environment. Educational Technology & Society, 15(1), 137–151.
Nor Aziah, A. (2015). Designing, Developing and Evaluating a Learning Support Tool: A Case of Design and Development Research (DDR). In SAGE Research Methods Cases. SAGE Publications, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/978144627305014558820
Nor Aziah, A., & Sulaiman, H. (2012). Design and Development Research in Instructional Technology. In A. Nor Aziah & H. Sulaiman (Eds.), Instructional Technology Research, Design and Development: Lessons from the Field, 1–24. IGI Global.
Nurulrabihah, M. N., Saedah, S., Siti Hajar, H., Mohd Ridhuan, M. J., & Zaharah, H. (2019). Aplikasi Teknik Fuzzy Delphi Terhadap Keperluan Elemen Teknologi Sebagai Wadah dalam Pembelajaran Berasaskan Pemikiran Reka Bentuk. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 34, 129–151. https://doi.org/10.21315/apjee2019.34.7
Polit, D., Beck, C., & Owen, S. (2007). Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 30, 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20199
Reigeluth, C. M., & Frick, T. W. (1999). Formative research: A methodology for creating and improving design theories. In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-Design Theories and Models: A New Paradigm of Instructional Theory, 2(July), 633–651. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410603784
Richey, R. C., & Klein, J. D. (2005). Developmental Research Methods: Creating Knowledge from Instructional Design and Development Practice. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 16(2), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02961473
Richey, R. C., Klein, J. D., & Nelson, W. A. (2004). Developmental Research: Studies of Instructional Design and Development. In D. H. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology (2nd ed., pp. 1099–1130). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Saedah, S., Muhammad Ridhuan, T. L. A., & Rozaini, M. R. (2020). Pendekatan Penyelidikan Rekabentuk dan Pembangunan (PRP): Aplikasi kepada Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI).
Saedah, S., Norlidah, A., Dorothy, D., & Zaharah, H. (Eds.). (2013). Design and Development Research: Emergent Trends in Educational Research. Pearson Malaysia.
Siti Nurma Hanim, H., Asma, H., Zul Izhar, M. I., Aaijaz, K., Fazlina, K., Nurul, M. Y., Husnaida, A. M., Tg Fatimah, T. M., Murniwati, Wan Nor, A., & Muhamad Saiful Bahri, Y. (2017). Anatomy Education Environment Measurement Inventory (AEEMI): A valid tool to measure the anatomy learning environment. Anatomical Sciences Education, in press. https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1683
Sulaiman, H. F., Ismail, R., Mohd Yusoff, H., Anuar, N., Mohd Jamil, M. R., & Daud, F. (2020). Validation of Occupational Zoonotic Disease Questionnaire Using Fuzzy Delphi Method. Journal of Agromedicine, 25(2), 166–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2019.1666763
Wang, F., & Hannafin, M. J. (2005). Design-based research and technology-enhanced learning environments. Educational Technology Research and Development, 53(4), 5–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02504682
van den Akker, J. (1999). Principles and Methods of Development Research. In J. van den Akker, R. M. Branch, K. Gustafson, N. Nieveen, & T. Plomp (Eds.), Design Approaches and Tools in Education and Training, 1–14. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4255-7_1
Zaharah, H., Ahmad Arifin, S., Saedah, S., Abdul Muqsith, A., Mohd Ridhuan, M. J., & Nurulrabihah, M. N. (2020). Mendidik Nilai Kekeluargaan Berteraskan Pemikiran Illahiyat: Konsensus Pakar. Al-Hikmah, 12(1), 37–52.